Gluconeogenesis

A metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates, such as lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids. This process occurs mainly in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the cortex of the kidneys. It is essential for maintaining blood glucose levels during periods of fasting, low-carbohydrate intake, or intense exercise, ensuring that glucose-dependent tissues like the brain and red blood cells function correctly.

Gluconeogenesis is the body's internal mechanism for glucose production, rendering the dietary intake of carbohydrates non-essential for human survival. In a low-carbohydrate or ketogenic state, the body shifts its reliance to this pathway and the oxidation of fatty acids and ketones, which promotes the utilization of stored body fat for fuel.